THE ADVERB (क्रिया विशेषण)
An adverb is a word which modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb.
क्रिया, विशेषण या किसी दूसरे क्रिया विशेषण के अर्थ को विशेष रूप से दर्शाने या विशेष बताने वाले शब्द को Adverb कहते हैं।
Kinds of Adverb ( क्रिया विशेषण के प्रकार )
(A) Adverb of Time (समय सूचक विशेषण ) –
(B) Adverb of Place (स्थानवाचक क्रिया विशेषण) –
(C) Adverb of Frequency (आवृत्ति सूचक क्रिया विशेषण)
(D) Adverb of Manner (रीतिवाचक क्रिया विशेषण) –
(E) Adverb of Degree
(F) Sentence Adverbs
(G) Interrogative Adverb-
(H) Relative Adverbs-
(A) Adverb of Time (समय सूचक विशेषण ) –
Examples: (1) We shall now begin to work.
(2) He comes here daily.
(3) Ram had spoken to Ravan already.
(B) Adverb of Place (स्थानवाचक क्रिया विशेषण) –
Examples:(1) Stand here.
(2) Go there.
(3) Come in.
(4) My brother is out.
(5) I walked along.
(C) Adverb of Frequency (आवृत्ति सूचक क्रिया विशेषण)
Examples: (1) I have told you once.
(2) He seldom comes here.
(3) The man called again.
(4) I always try to do my best.
(5) I have not seen him once.
(D) Adverb of Manner (रीतिवाचक क्रिया विशेषण) –
Examples: (1) I read clearly.
(2) The boy works hard.
(3) You slept soundly.
(4) The Hindus fought bravely.
(E) Adverb of Degree
Examples :(1) You are too careless.
(2) My father is fully prepared.
(3) It is good enough for my purpose.
(4) I am so glad.
(5) She is partly right.
(F) Sentence Adverbs
(संपूर्ण वाक्य/ उपवाक्य के लिए क्रिया विशेषण की तरह कार्य करने वाले शब्द) –
Examples: (1) He is obviously intelligent.
(2) She actually lives next door.
(3) Apparently he knew the town well.
(G) Interrogative Adverb-
The adverbs that are used for asking questions are called the interrogative adverbs. वे क्रिया विशेषण जो कि प्रश्न निर्माण कार्य में आते हैं, वे प्रश्नवाचक क्रिया विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
Examples:(1) Where is Shyam ?
(2) When do you get up ?
(3) At what o’clock do you go to school?
(4) Why did you laugh at me?
(5) How many times did I warn you?
(H) Relative Adverbs-
The adverbs that join two clauses are called the relative adverbs.
वे क्रिया विशेषण जो दो उपवाक्यों को जोड़ने का कार्य करते हैं, सम्बन्ध सूचक क्रिया विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
Examples: (1) I know the place where she was born.
(2) That’s the reason why he came yesterday.
Students should be familiar with the following adverbs:
Adverbs of time -now, soon, still, then, yet. Adverbs of place: by, near, here, there, up.
Adverbs of frequency: always, never, sometimes, often, once, twice.
Adverbs of degree: fairly, rather, hardly, quite, very, too. Adverbs of manner: Well, quickly, hard, fast.
Relative adverbs: When, where, why.
Interrogative adverbs: When ?, Where?, Why? Sentence adverbs: Certainly, surely, luckily, definitely etc..